Description: The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the effects of projected mortality on the pricing and valuation of individual immediate annuities. Also discusses considerations in underwriting substandard annuities. Finally, a discussion of this paper is included.

Description: This paper applies the research in Prospect Theory of Kahneman and Tversky to explain why sales of annuities lag sales of life insurance products. The author theorizes that life insurance is easier to sell because customers perceive themselves to be in the domain of losses, while potential annuity customers perceive themselves to be in the domain of gains. Kahneman and Tversky showed us that people are mostly risk averse in the domain of gains and risk seeking in the domain of losses. Purchase of an annuity or life product is a risky investment. Customers will find it easier to take the risk in the life insurance domain of losses than the annuity domain of gains. The author then proposes a hybrid life annuity product that might address both mortality and longevity risk in one product that would allow both products to be more competitive than stand-alone products.

Description: Discusses valuation standards for payout annuities, and results of the a-1949 Mortality Table.

Description: This is a discussion of the paper, Calculation of Approximate Annuity Values on a Mortality Basis that Provides for Future Improvements in Mortality by Charles M. Sternhell. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1950, Vol. 2, No. 4.

Description: Provides the results of this study on mortality of specified types of payout annuities.

Description: This paper is an analysis of the mortality rates of beneficiaries of charitable gift annuities.

Description: 1959 intercompany study of mortality under individual immediate and refund annuities issued between 1931 through 1957 and covering experience between anniversaries from 1953-1958.

Description: Study of mortality experience under Canadian individual annuities for 1980 - 1988 anniversaries. Most policies studied are in the payout status, though experience is additionally included during the deferred period provided the policy has no cash value or right to change the policy.

Description: The first study of mortality specifically related to structured settlement annuities, covering experience years 1966 - 1989. Both standard and substandard lives were analyzed.

Description: Report presenting the 1976-86 mortality experience for contracts issued in the U.S. through 1985 under individual immediate annuities, life income settlements, and matured deferred annuities.